Hello William, thank you too for your informative response and my apologies again for the late response.

Autoimmunity is indeed part of Covid-19 virulence mechanism. The third study you pointed out is particularly concerning, suggesting that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein bears substantial protein sequence similarity to the human proteome.

However, I doubt comparing protein sequences like that would mean anything substantial in clinical settings. After all, B-cells and T-cells of the adaptive immunity don't bind to every single protein sequence of the spike protein. Usually, it's only the surface of the spike protein that gets targeted.

Thus, I think another study (link below) provides a more fair and extensive analyses of molecular mimicry, where they compared only the part of the spike protein that the adaptive immune cells likely target, rather than the entire spike protein sequence, against the human proteome. Using this method, it seems that the SARS-CoV-2 ORF protein is the prime culprit that could cause autoimmunity, including to the annexin A2.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.705772/full

Moreover, molecular mimicry may not be the main mechanism in which Covid-19 causes autoimmunity. The hyperinflammation and extensive cell damage and debris also play a role.

But I'm aware that certain Covid-19 vaccines can cause autoimmunity-related diseases. The DNA vaccine, for example, is known to increase the risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia.